Cushing’s Syndrome

Cushing’s Syndrome is a hormone issue brought about by the body tissues being presented to significant levels of the hormone cortisol for an extensive stretch of time. The infection is regularly brought about by taking corticosteroid medication in high portions over an all-encompassing timeframe. The condition can likewise be brought about by the body’s abundance creation of cortisol because of an overactive adrenal organ. It is an uncommon malady that for the most part influences grown-ups between the ages of 20 to 50. Females are bound to get the infection than guys because of an adrenal or pituitary tumor. Cushing’s Syndrome signs and manifestations incorporate dynamic heftiness and skin changes. There is fast addition in the chest area fat store along the neckline bone and the rear of the neck which is frequently called â€Å"buffalo humps† and an adjusted face which is alluded to as â€Å"moon face†. The skin extends causing pink or purple stretch stamps along the stomach, thighs, bosoms, and arms. A lady with the disorder could encounter overabundance body hair development all over, neck, chest, stomach, and thighs. It could make their menstrual cycle become sporadic or stop. A man with the disorder could encounter diminished fruitfulness and erectile brokenness. Different signs and side effects incorporate abundance perspiring, exhaustion, muscle shortcoming, cerebral pains, hypertension, diminishing and delicacy of the skin making it wound effectively and recuperate ineffectively. Different indications likewise incorporate dryness of the skin, skin inflammation, debilitated bones, subjective challenges, and high glucose which may prompt diabetes. Cushing’s Syndrome can likewise cause loss of enthusiastic control which could prompt misery, nervousness, and touchiness. The adrenal organ of the endocrine framework delivers various hormones, including cortisol. Cortisol assumes various jobs all through the body. It assists with directing the body’s circulatory strain, which keeps the cardiovascular framework working ordinary. It assists with responding to worry by changing over proteins, sugars, and fats into usable vitality. The condition can be brought about by prescription, for example, prednisone that has indistinguishable impacts from the cortisol that is created in the body. A specialist may endorse this sort medication to patients with fiery infection, for example, asthma, lupus, rheumatoid joint pain, or to keep the body from dismissing a transplanted organ. The treatment of these conditions regularly requires higher measures of cortisol than the body typically needs in a day. The condition can be brought about by your own body creating overabundance cortisol. This could happen from the overabundance creation of either of the adrenal organs of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which directs creation of cortisol. A favorable tumor of the pituitary organ can cause emission of an abundance measure of ACTH, which will, consequently, animate the adrenal organ to make more cortisol than the body needs. As referenced beforehand, the condition happens all the more regularly in ladies. Pee and blood lab tests are performed to quantify the hormone levels in the pee and blood. These tests will appear if the body is creating an unreasonable measure of cortisol. Spit tests are likewise utilized by examining cortisol levels in salvia gathered around evening time. Regularly, cortisol levels rise and fall for the duration of the day, however levels in individuals without Cushing’s Syndrome will drop extensively at night. Imaging tests, for example, CT or MRI sweeps can recognize variations from the norm, for example, tumors in the pituitary as well as adrenal organs. These tests can enable a specialist to analyze Cushing’s Syndrome and preclude other ailments. The treatment for Cushing’s Syndrome relies upon what made the cortisol be high in the body. The treatment ought to be intended to bring down the significant level of cortisol in the body. In the event that the infection was brought about by long haul presentation to corticosteroids, at that point the treatment would decrease the utilization of corticosteroid. For patients with asthma, joint pain, or different conditions that expect medicine to deal with their disease, specialists can recommend noncorticosteroid drugs. Medical procedure is suggested if the malady is brought about by a tumor that is available in the pituitary organ, adrenal organs, lungs, or pancreas. On the off chance that medical procedure doesn't evacuate the tumor totally, radiation treatment is utilized related to the activity. Drugs, for example, Nizoral, Lysodren, and Metopirone are recommended to control creation of cortisol when the medical procedure or radiation treatment doesn’t work. The length of recuperation relies upon the seriousness and reason for the Cushing’s Syndrome. Patients ought to be encouraged to expand their day by day exercises gradually because of debilitated muscles. They should be certain that they are eating reasonably and getting enough calcium and Vitamin D to help reinforce their bones. They have to screen their emotional wellness since wretchedness can create due to being overpowered or experiencing issues adapting to recuperation. For a throbbing painfulness; the patient can scrub down and do low effect activities, for example, water vigorous exercise. For tolerant recuperation from psychological troubles, they can do crossword riddles or math issues to practice their cerebrum and help to improve their mind work.

Islamic Religion Essays - Islam, Quraish, Ahl Al-Kisa, Arab Muslims

Islamic Religion Todays Muslims are marked as psychological oppressors or fudamentalist. In any case, their religion is a delicate religion. On the Arabian Penninsula, home of the Arabs, was disconnected furthermore, they had the option to build up their human progress without outside impacts. It is around 1 million miles square, that is situated between the Red ocean and the Persian Gulf. There are two unmistakable locales. The first has very much watered valleys among mountains and the second is dry fields and desert. Grass develops rapidly during the showes of the stormy season. In old occasions the Arabs were bedouin (migrants that hersed sheep, goats, and camels. what's more, lived in tents made made of felt from camel or goat hair.) They ate new or dried dates and drank milk from their groups. On exceptional events they ate mutlon. their clans were made of related families. They esteemed family ties becuase on the grounds that they guaranteed they guaranteed security and endurance. They had a boss (sheik). The sheik managed as long as the clan permitted him. They had a counsil of older folks. There was fighting over waterholes and fields. Their method of discipline is an eye for sn eye and a tooth for a tooth. To improve warrior aptitudes they had camel and pony. They had narrating in frount of the open air fire. They had verse about fights, desert, camels, ponies, and love. In 500 A.D. they began a town called Makkah, which was fifty miles inland of the Red ocean. Exchange was generally of creature producys for weopeans dates grains, flavors, gems ivory, silk, and aromas. They had processions travel there from with respect to china. Bedouins had and venerated numerous ditied business ties were replaceing family ties, and old ancestral laws were not adequat Byzantine and the Persin armed forces were threatining to overcome them. The clans had the some language yet they had no focal goverment, or feeling of solidarity, The Bedouins scanned for new convictions. The prohet of Islam was muhammad. He was conceived in Makkah in 570 A. D. . He was stranded at an early age and was embraced by his uncle. He functioned as a carovan pioneer on an exchange course. He was know to be straightforward what's more, capable. His manager khadij'a ,a weakthy window if age 40, put him in control of this business and proposed union with him. He went to a cavern outside the city in 610 A.D. to supplicate and quick reveloution (vision) there. He was advised to present. Present for the sake of your master, the maker who made man from clumps of blood. Rwcite! Your master os the most plentiful one who by the pen has shown humankind things they didn't have a clue about.'' His subsequent vision to rise and worn individuals. In 613 A.D. he lectured his loved ones that there was one god. And all that belived in him are equal.The rich mutual with poor bunches of the changes over were poor. The rich shippers and the strict pioneers didn't like,Mushamad and the Muslims were persecuated. After some theats on his life in 632 A.D. he sent 60 families to Yathrib.And then follewes them in secret(Known at that point as the Hjrah immirgration). 622 A.D. os know on the Musslim calandar as the frist year. Muhamad turned into the guidelines of Yathris then it was called Medinch al-Neb orMadinah ''the city of the priphet.''The Madinch Compact of 624 A.D. was the establishment of Islanie state. Muhamad was the Judge and president. Quxan was their authoritative handbook for Ialam. They expanded proection, to Jews and christiand who acknowledged Islams political authoriyt. Makkems attacked Yathrib,and the Muslims battled in self defense.The Makkans were vanquished. Furthermore, the Muslims won help of the Arab bunches outside of Madinsh. They later attacked Makkah and hod little resistance.They acknowledged Islamic Religion and Muhammad. Islanic Religion and Muhammed. They decimated symbols, and transformed the place of worship of prohet Abraham into a spot of love. Makkah was the profound capital and Mdinth into the political capital. In 631 A.D. the Arabian Peninsula was upheld by a military speaking to every one of the Arab clans. Muhammad later passed on at Madinah in 632 A.D. Convictions The Quran was the perfect messages from God over a peroid of 22 years. It was composed down or remembered that was assembled into a composed collection(Quran). is the last issues of confidence and ways of life. It was written in Arabic. It is stories, lessons, and exhorations of what is written in the Bible. Qualities Basic Moral values in the Quran are like Christanity and Judasim.Murder, lying, stesling and adultury are condemened.Honor guardians,

The Debt Spiral What It Is and How to Escape It

The Debt Spiral What It Is and How to Escape It The Debt Spiral: What It Is and How to Escape It The Debt Spiral: What It Is and How to Escape ItIf you end up having to take out new debt to cover costs incurred by all the payments you have to make on your old debt you just might be in a debt spiral!Finance, like life in general, is often unfair. The richer you are, the easier it’ll be for you to hold on to your money. And the more you’re struggling with debt and budget issues, the worse those issues will become.Almost like some sort of… slippery slope. Or maybe even a spiral. A debt spiral!Yes, one financial slip-up, whether within or outside of your control, can set you down an unfortunate path. One late payment or unexpected expense causes you to fall behind on your financial obligations, and it can seem impossible to catch up.So what is the debt spiral, how can it trap you, and how can you escape it?Read on to find out!The debt spiral: What is it?We alluded to the definition of the debt spiral in the intro, but let’s just lay it out really quickly. Or rather, have on e of our valued contributors lay it out.“A debt spiral is when an individual, company, or even country falls into major debt over time,” explained Monica Eaton-Cardone, owner COO of Chargebacks911 (@Chargebacks911). “The reason behind this is simply because individuals dont know how to use their credit cards properly. You begin to miss payments and the number of late payment fees you have increases.“Youre eventually in debt and decide to borrow money, but then you arent able to pay off the money you borrowed and get a little more behind. Ultimately, the whole thing snowballs on you as your interest rates get higher and higher. Youre then stuck with multiple loads of debt. The more you try to catch up, the worse it gets and the more behind you get.”Credit cards are a common cause of a debt spiral, but they can also result from unsecured personal loans, installment loans, and online loans or even home, auto, and student loans. People with poor credit scores can also easily get caught up in a debt spiral if theyre relying on  short-term  bad credit loans  and  no credit check loans  (like  payday loans,  cash advances, and  title loans) to regularly make ends meet.It won’t always be obvious that you’ve entered a debt spiral.“You may not even realize at first that you’re on your way into a debt spiral,” warned Leslie H. Tayne Esq. (@LeslieHTayneEsq), Founder and Head Attorney at Tayne Law Group (@taynelawgroup). “It can start as simply as not paying off your full credit card balance one month and then spending more on top of it the following month.Before you know it, your balance is continuing to increase each month as interest accumulates and your minimum payment is not making a dent. If you continue to be unable to make significant payments, it will just continue to grow and grow, making it even more difficult to break free of the spiral.”Now how can you escape it?Recognize the spiral.You can’t fix a problem until you realize the probl em exists.“The first step to getting out of a debt spiral is recognizing that this is the problem,” offered Tayne. “One of the reasons debt spirals can get out of control is from a sense of denial or not recognizing how serious the problem is. While it can be difficult to admit that your finances have gotten out of control, this is the first step to getting yourself back on track.”Make a plan.Odds are you never wanted to get into a debt spiral. If you did, you need to get better goals! But you probably didn’t, which means you’re going to have to make some changes. And that means making a plan.“Imagine you’ve just started college,” suggested Ben Watson, CPA, virtual CFO of DollarSprout.com (@DollarSprout) and founder of Fiscal Fluency. “But instead of carefully choosing courses, you take a few random classes each semester and hope you’ll have the requirements to graduate in four years.“Newsflash: you won’t. Now apply that concept to your finances. Without a blueprint for your income and spending, your finances will consistently teeter on collapse. Also, people graduate from college early all the time. Based on the amount of time, effort, and earning potential, it’s possible you can pay off the credit cards in a shorter time than you even realize.”You might already think you’ve cut everything you can out of your budget, but it could be worth taking another look.“It’s important to take a good, long look at your finances,” urged Tayne. “Review your budget and see if you can find areas where you can cut back or downsize to free up some funds to make more sizable payments on your debt. If there aren’t any places where you can cut back, many times this signals a cash flow problem.Consider ways to increase your income, whether it’s taking more hours at your current job, looking for different opportunities, or taking on a side job. Use your extra income to make payments on your debt.”Seek help.It might be embarrassing to ad mit you’re stuck in a debt spiral, but you also may not be able to get out of it without some help.“Finances aren’t just pushing numbers around, there are a lot of emotions attached to money,” Watson explained. “Reaching out to a financial coach or some sort of accountability partner can greatly increase your chances of successfully navigating the hurdles you’re facing. One of the main things they provide is helping you refocus, making a plan, and then gaining control as you move forward with the plan.”If the situation is dire enough, you may need to look into bankruptcy options.Preventing future debt cycles.Even if you claw your way out of debt, if you don’t have an emergency fund, a surprise expense could throw you right back in.“Don’t worry about putting together 6-12 months worth of expenses,” began Watson, “but having even $500-$1,000 in a savings account set aside for legitimate emergencies can save a lot of lost sleep and stress. If you’re starting f rom zero cash, spend a weekend or two cleaning out the attic, garage, and spare room and sell things you don’t need anymore.“Go full Marie Kondo on your place and list items on Facebook Marketplace and eBay, or have a garage sale. Anything you haven’t even thought about for more than 12 months should be considered as potential cash. There are tons of simple ideas to make a quick buck on the internet, find one that fits you and go for it.”The debt spiral is not a fun ride to be on. Hopefully, you won’t need a ticket! To learn more about how to improve your long term financial outlook, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert TipsFrom Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneyHow Does Compound Interest Work?Do you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsMonica Eaton-Car done is the owner, co-founder,  and COO of  Chargebacks911 (@chargebacks911), the first global company dedicated to preventing chargeback fraud, eliminating cyber-shoplifting and safeguarding the “eCommerce experience” for retailers, banks, buyers and sellers.   Chargebacks911 manages billions of online transactions annually and has helped its clients recover over $1 billion in disputed revenue. Monica is also the author of Chargebacks for Dummies (published in 2018), part of the best-selling instructional/reference book series.Leslie H. Tayne, Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq) has nearly 20 years’ experience in the practice area of consumer and business financial debt-related services. Leslie is the founder and head attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup), which specializes in debt relief.Ben  Watson, CPA is the virtual CFO of  DollarSprout.com  (@DollarSprout)  and founder of  Fiscal Fluency, a personal finance and business coaching company. He equips small businesses and entr epreneurs with the skills and accountability to manage their businesses with confidence rather than fear. He’s also the co-creator of the  Business Launch Kitâ€"an  online course with simple to follow steps of how to create your own business without making a mess.

Planning Care That Will Empower Individuals - 1570 Words

circumstances can be taken into account when planning care that will empower individuals. I will use a variety of examples from health and social care. I will also extend these examples by assessing the potential difficulties in taking individual circumstances into account when planning care that will empower an individual, and make suggestions for improvement. Case study 1: Communication Rebecca and Nigel Smyth live with their three year old daughter, Helen, in a pleasant suburb at the edge of a large city. Helen has autism and attends a special nursery in the city four times a week. As Helen’s speech is not progressing at the rate expected for her age, the GP has referred her to Teresa, a speech and language therapist. Teresa has worked with Rebecca and Nigel, showing them how to encourage Helen. She has asked them for information about Helen, calling them ‘the experts’. Rebecca and Nigel feel that Teresa shared the support and planning for Helen with them and this has encouraged them to work with her as partners. In this case study Helen has autism and the speech and language therapist is able to work very closely with Helen’s parent. Every child’s parents know their child better than anyone else as they are with them 24/7. However Helen can only be helped to a certain extent, not every parent will have the same amount of time to care for their child. We have found out that Helen goes to a special nursery but not every child gets the same amount of help Helen is gettingShow MoreRelatedmiss1688 Words   |  7 Pagesassessment tools involved in planning support for individuals with different needs who use social services M2- Describe how three key professionals could be involved in planning support for individuals. In this assignment I will be identifying the processed and assessment tools involved in planning support for individuals with different needs who use social service. I will also be describing how three key professionals could be involved in planning support for individuals. The first stage in theRead MoreHealth and Social Care- Case Study- P3/P4/M2/D2 Essay examples1339 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe ways in which care workers can empower Individuals (P3)Explain why it is important to take individual circumstances into account when planning care that will empower an individual, using relevant example from health and social care (P4)Discuss the extent to which individual circumstances can be taken into account when planning care that will empower them, using relevant examples from health and social care (M2)Assess the potential difficulties in taking individual circumstances into accountRead MoreApplication Of An Electronic Health Record1272 Words   |  6 PagesEmpower As a nurse facilitator walking into a room of disgruntled nurses, the task of planning or an electronic medical record adoption will not be an easy task. However, with the right approach, this endeavor can be motivating. Our future is dependent on our ability to adapt to an ever-evolving healthcare system that is becoming increasingly integrated with a dynamic technology explosion. Nursing leaders need to develop insight into healthcare s future and prepare the foundation for the changesRead MoreEarly Childhood Care: Professional and Family Empowerment657 Words   |  3 PagesEarly Childhood Care Professional and Family Empowerment: Families with children with special needs usually experience distinctive additional challenges in supporting their children and promoting their holistic development. While these children can achieve extraordinary things through necessary support from families and friends, they usually fail to receive support from their families. Generally, these children need care, necessary support for growth and care, and safety. One of the major reasonsRead MoreLeader and Managing the Changes in Health Care754 Words   |  3 Pageswhich requires nurses to possess complex leadership skills that can be utilized to accomplish the most successful outcome possible for each individual patient (Titzer, Phillips, Tooley, Hall, Shirey, 2013). Managing these fundamental challenges necessitates the ability to acquire knowledgeable research and implement it into a strategic plan of care for individuals and/or communities (Titzer et al., 2013). In this paper I will explain why I chose the leader and manager role, and I will examine the challengesRead MoreThe Importance of Delegation Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesDelegation is an important function in any organization and in today’s environment we see it becoming increasingly important in the health care setting. For management to make the best use of their time and skills effective delegation of tasks to the staff assists in their growth and development, builds confidence and trust, and increases the amount of work completed. Effective delegating provides benefits to the organization when managers mobilize resources, share responsibilities, and focus onRead MoreEnd Of Life Care Planning Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesEnd of Life Care Planning Dilemma Professional Relevance End of Life Care Planning is a controversial topic that is huge dilemma in healthcare. The average Medicare expenditures per person over the last two years of life was $102, 939.00 (Harter, 2015). One quarter of traditional Medicare spending for health care is for services provided to Medicare beneficiaries in their last year of life (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2016). Nurses deal withRead MoreValues and Principles Which Underpin Planning and Support Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesTask 1: Values and principles which underpin planning and support â€Å"Explain how the application of relevant principles and values will enable professionals to provide holistic support for individuals who use social services.† (P1) Holistic support is providing care by a holistic approach to improve an individual’s quality of life not only physically but also intellectually, emotionally, socially, culturally and spiritually. Values are beliefs people are about what is important and morally rightRead MorePreferences, Preferences, Wishess And Needs1251 Words   |  6 Pagesable to lead a person-centred practice 2.1 Support others to work with individuals to establish their history, preferences, wishes and needs Individuals should be as involved as much as possible in the decision making process regarding the organisations and disciplines they require to ensure that the contributions to their care package are appropriate and required. If everyone works from the same information and the individuals needs and preferences are at the centre of the information all the organizationsRead MoreThe Theory Of Community Empowerment1522 Words   |  7 Pagesreciprocal health. This theory is designed to incorporate and empower everyone involved. By empowering the community of nurses and sustaining employee engagement, patient and employee satisfaction would remain the same, if not increase (6 Leadership strategies for navigating perpetual change in healthcare, 2015). Change is tough for most people and the time to adjust varies with each individual. Taking some time to acknowledge each individual and their needs is an important factor to being a great leader

Sociology Essay - 1121 Words

Week 12 Essay: Have the rising rates of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases affected the sexual double standard for men and women? Should it? Why or why not? Use examples from the reading(s) to support your position. When there is an epidemic of any disease, especially sexually transmitted diseases, the evolution and consequences of it are inevitably tied to its socially constructed meanings. The issue of AIDS has been around for several decades, and has affected the perception of men and women in different ways. The rising rates of AIDS has had various social impacts on sexuality, gender, and social control, but not has not affected the double standard that has always worked against women. When it comes to sex and†¦show more content†¦Despite the trouble several school systems face when trying to offer sex education, most schools do offer some form of AIDS education to students. Common tools for AIDS education are videos shown to adolescents in a variety of forms. Although, these may be useful they are generally rife with problems that could give young men and women the wrong notions about sex and STD prevention and perpetuate the double standard between genders. A study of the common videos used in several high schools showed that women are expected take responsibility for any sexual activity (Steele 398). Many of the videos are directly addressed to women or implicitly addressed using confusing statements and the use of male pronouns that would go something like â€Å"Find someone you can be in a monogamous relationship full of love and respect. Give this person your trust and expect him to trust you and stay true to you as you are to him.† The message for women specifically is subtle, but it’s there. Gender differences and its inevitable double standard are apparent among young women and men when it comes to practicing safe sex in order to protect against AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Something different is expected from each gender, and men continue to possess the sexual hegemony that they have for centuries. Men are expected to give full disclosure of sexual history to their female partner and women are expected to have no sexualShow MoreRelatedSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesAS Sociology Sociology Nik Jorgensen Text  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 Illustrations  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 All rights reserved. The copyright holders authorise ONLY users of NTDL AS Sociology to make photocopies for their own or their students’ immediate use within the teaching context. No other rights are granted without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby StreetRead MoreSociology Essay1991 Words   |  8 Pagesmight account for social order, and discuss the extent to which you find those explanations convincing. Social order is one of the most central aspects of sociology. Two main factors are necessary for the existence of social order: predictability of society and cooperative behaviour of individuals (Hechter and Horne, 2003). In this essay I will describe how ‘values and norms’ and ‘power and authority’ account for social order, drawing on the explanations offered in Theories of Social Order: ARead MoreEssay Sociology676 Words   |  3 PagesPolitical and Social Research (Kendall, 01/2014, p. 49). The flaws would be if not all students were counted or were recorded incorrectly. Also some information may not be available that would make the study more precise. Kendall, D. (01/2014). Sociology in Our Times, 10th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781305450387 Read MoreEssay Sociology and Religion1158 Words   |  5 Pagessome experience with religion. Whether our parents are religious, our own religious views, or others who try and convert you to a religion, we have all come in contact with a religion. But what do sociology and religion have to do with each other? The answer to this question is that religion meets sociology in the affects that it has on an individual or society (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 323). What is a religion? A religion is defined by Richard Schaefer as a unified system of beliefs andRead MoreSociology as Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesour understanding of how social identity is shaped by gender. (24 marks) An identity is who we are, this is made up of how we see ourselves and how others see us. Social identity is based on ones membership to particular groups in society. This essay will examine the way in which sociologist contribute to our understanding by providing theories and ideas of how social identity is shaped by gender. Ann Oakley, a feminist sociologist suggested that there are four ways in which gender socializationRead MoreSociology and Deviance Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Becoming a deviant involves a social process of definition†. The purpose of this essay is to show how this sociological perspective can assist in understanding drug taking in society. In the essay I will discuss the notion of deviance and will demonstrate that people do not become deviants on the strength of their behaviour alone, but by the sanctions of a society whose norms that the offender has deemed to have violated. I will examine approaches to deviance through biological, psychologicalRead MoreSociology of Sport Essay1085 Words   |  5 Pagesin Society: Issues and Controversies 8th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Craig, P., Beedie, P. (2008). Sport Sociology. Exeter, UK: Learning Matters. Jarvie, G. (2006). Sport, Culture and Society: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge. Messner, M. A. (2007). 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Reader Respond to Short Story We Might as Well Be Stranger Free Essays

A Responds to a Short Story Entitled â€Å"We Might As Well Be Strangers† by M. E Kerr Sofyan Widianto 0909032 English Literature Indonesia University of Education 2012 Based on my understanding to the short story Entitled â€Å"We Might As Well Be Strangers† written by M. E Kerr, after close reading and deep thinking to the short story I bravely assume that the short story shows the independency of a woman. We will write a custom essay sample on Reader Respond to Short Story We Might as Well Be Stranger or any similar topic only for you Order Now The independency of a woman is shown through the main character in this story. The main problem in this short story discusses about Alison that isdescribed as a teenage girl who is lesbian to Laura, her best friend. It will be explained in the textual evidences below. â€Å" No, that’s first. Frist am going to say that there was no need to announce it. You think I don’t know what’s going on with you and Laura? I don’t need eyes in the back of my head to figure that out†. â€Å"I can’t do anything about it, can I? I see it every time you bring her here. I would like to believe it’s a stage you’re going trhought, but from what I’ve read and heard it isn’t†. The certain conversations above are the speech that are told by Alison’s mother that indicate that Alison is a lesbian. It’s also supported by the speech of Alison Grand mother. We can see on the textual evidance below. â€Å"So you don’t have to tell me about what it feels like to be an outsider. You don’t have to tell me about prejudice. But, Alison, I thank you for telling me about your self. I’m proud that you told me first. † Both of speech acts told and emphasize implicitly about Alison identity as a lesbian. As the explanations before that in this story Alison represent the independency of a woman, Alison decides to choose her own way to be a lesbian. It is shown in the conversation between she and her mother. We can see it from the Alison speech trough the conversation between she and her mother. â€Å" mom it’s not a choice. Was is a choise when you felt in love with Dad? † â€Å"most definetly i chose him! † We can see that Alisson starts to chalange her mother about a logical opinion about love. Lets see the other interesting on the conversation below. â€Å" So what if the world was different, and men loved men and women loved women, but where still you? What would you do? My mother shrugged. â€Å"Find another world, I guess. † â€Å"So that’s what I did. I found another World†. From the speech from Alisson above it obviously shows the independency of her to make a descion to her own life. She says that words to her mother explicitly. For me, that speech is the most powerful evidence of Alison, and it indicates the independency of her. From the explanation above i bravely conclude that the potray Alison in this short story represents the independency of women to decide and to choose what women really want to do. How to cite Reader Respond to Short Story We Might as Well Be Stranger, Papers

Research Paper on Ufone free essay sample

First of all we are thankful to Almighty Allah who gave us strength for the completion of this project. And secondly thanks to our respected Sir Ali Asghar who directed us to focus really on the HR issues and department in a very effective way.We selected the Ufone Telecommunication because it’s very popular Telecommunication in Pakistan. Ufone is the leading organization in the cellular industry. They have 1500 plus employees. At their head office they had 150 employees. They have many branches in different cities of Pakistan. There is open door policy prevailing at Ufone. They really care about their employees and for the improvement of HRD they continuously conducting training workshops, which are both on the job and off the job. They do there recruitment through online and also through newspapers. They use both internal and external recruitment. All the recruitment and hiring is done from the head office. They are using a HRIS, which is a great sign for any organization especially like Ufone who are through their expansion. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Ufone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They do screening interviews, employment tests, job offers etc for the appointment. They also give their new entrants orientation so that they get familiar with the environment of the organization. The immediate supervisor evaluates performance. The probation period is 6 months. There are no unions in the organization. The style of management at Ufone is different from the traditional organizations, Ufone has adopted participative management. This type of management creates a sense of ownership among the employees. There are no workingwomen issues in Ufone, and women consist of 20 percent of total work force of Ufone. The Hr department at Ufone also manages grievance. Ufone provides perfect environment for employees to work efficiently to gain experience and to add worth to the organization. Pakistan Telecom Mobile Ltd, operating under the brand name of ‘Ufone’ a wholly-owned subsidiary of PTCL commenced its operations on 29th January 2001 as a GSM 900 service provider. Since the outset it has expanded its coverage and customer base at a rapid pace and established itself as one of the leading cellular service providers in Pakistan. Ufone is now considered to be one of the most active, aggressive and innovative players in the mobile sector of Pakistan. The growth of cellular sector in Pakistan can also be attributable to good governance and conducive policies of the government of Pakistan. In connection with that in April 2006 Emirates Telecommunication Corporation, which is commonly known as Etisalat, has assumed management control of Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Ltd – part of the $2. 6bn deal to buy a 26% stake. The successful privatization of PTCL, and consequently Ufone, is hailed as ushering in a new era for telecommunications in Pakistan. As mobile users in the country have reached 88 million at a very rapid pace. Ufone has a subscriber base of nearly 17. million and a market share of nearly 21%. Ufone has seen a subscriber growth of over 10 million since July 2007 onto its network. Subsequently the growth in subscriber base caused a healthy trend in its revenues and margins. Ufone has always played a pivotal role in the development of cellular market in Pakistan. For most part it has been a step ahead in introducing innovative products to the market. Ufone was pioneer in launching the GPRS services and Multimedia Messaging services (MMS) in Pakistan, including the lead in introducing GPRS international roaming and prepaid international roaming for these services in the Pakistani market. Currently Ufone has expanded its product portfolio to include Black Berry handsets and providing one of the largest EDGE networks in the country today. Ufone understands the need to communicate effectively and efficiently at all levels of society, which is why various products are catering for the needs of the Pakistan corporate market. It offers services such as mobile office, virtual private network (VPN), and a lot more too revolutionized communication. Ufone provides international Roaming facility with more than 215 international operators across 124 countries. Ufone has PRS roaming agreements with more than 100 international operators and also provides prepaid roaming facility to more than 15 destinations across the country.   Ufone commenced its operations, under the brand name of Ufone, from Islamabad on January 29/2001. Ufone expanded its coverage and has added new cities and highways to its coverage network. After the privatization of PTCL, Ufone is now owned by Etisalat. Under the agreement. Huawei will provide its future-oriented Energ GSM solution to expand Ufone’s network to cover 1500 cities, towns, villages, and all major highways in the country. The network also allows Ufone subscribers to enjoy high speed wireless data service. The GSM contract for Ufone also include huawei’s new generation GSM dual density BTS that feature high integrated and receiving sensitivity to improve the network performance and lower the cost of network construction and Oamp;M expenditure. In addition, Huawei will provide Mobile Softswitch solution based on the advance R4 architecture to satisfy Ufone’s Network expansion requirements, enables the telecom service provider to evolve into 3G smoothly. Ufone markets its prepaid services as â€Å"Prepay†.

The History of Corinthian Columns

The History of Corinthian Columns The word Corinthian describes an ornate column style developed in ancient Greece and classified as one of the Classical Orders of Architecture. The Corinthian style is more complex and elaborate than the earlier Doric and Ionic Orders. The capital or top part of a Corinthian style column has lavish ornamentation carved to resemble leaves and flowers. Roman architect Vitruvius observed that the delicate Corinthian design was produced out of the two other orders. He described the Corinthian column as an imitation of the slenderness of a maiden; for the outlines and limbs of maidens, being more slender on account of their tender years, admit of prettier effects in the way of adornment. Because of their opulence, Corinthian columns are rarely used as common porch columns for the ordinary home. The style is more suited for Greek Revival mansions and public architecture such as government buildings, especially courthouses. Characteristics of Corinthian columns include: Fluted (grooved) shaftsCapitals (the tops of each shaft) decorated with  acanthus leaves and flowers and sometimes small scrollsCapital ornaments that flare outward like bells, suggesting a sense of heightProportion; Vitruvius tells us that the height of their capitals gives them proportionately a taller and more slender effect than Ionic columns Why Are They Called Corinthian Columns? In the worlds first architecture textbook, De architectura (30 B.C.), Vitruvius tells the story of a young girl from the city-state of Corinth. A free-born maiden of Corinth, just of marriageable age, was attacked by an illness and passed away, writes Vitruvius. She was buried with a basket of her favorite things atop her tomb, near the root of an acanthus tree. That spring, leaves and stalks grew up through the basket, creating a delicate explosion of natural beauty. The effect caught the eye of a passing sculptor named Callimachus, who began to incorporate the intricate design onto column capitals. Because the sculptor found this design in Corinth, the columns that bear it became known as Corinthian columns. West of Corinth in Greece is the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, thought to be the oldest surviving example of the Classical Corinthian column. This temple from about 425 B.C. is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Tholos (a round building) at Epidauros (c. 350 B.C.) is thought to be one of the first structures to use a colonnade of Corinthian columns. Archaeologists have determined the tholos to have 26 exterior Doric columns and 14 interior Corinthian columns. The Temple of Olympian Zeus (175 B.C.) in Athens is said to have had more than 100 Corinthian columns. Are All Corinthian Capitals the Same? No, not all Corinthian capitals are exactly alike, but they are characterized by their leafy flowers. The capitals of Corinthian columns are more ornamented and delicate than the tops of other column types. They can easily deteriorate over time, especially when they are used outdoors. Early Corinthian columns were used primarily for interiors spaces, and thus were protected from the elements. The Monument of Lysikrates (c. 335 B.C.) in Athens features some of the earliest examples of exterior Corinthian columns. Replacing deteriorated Corinthian capitals must be done by master craftsmen. During the 1945 bombing of Berlin, the royal palace was heavily damaged, and it was later demolished in the 1950s. With the reunification of East and West Berlin, the palace was reinvented. Sculptors used old photographs to recreate the architectural details in the new facade, in clay and in plaster, noting that not all of the Corinthian capitals were the same. Architectural Styles That Use Corinthian Columns The Corinthian column and the Corinthian Order were created in ancient Greece. Ancient Greek and Roman architecture is collectively known as Classical, and so Corinthian columns are found in Classical architecture. The Arch of Constantine (A.D. 315) in Rome and the Ancient Library of Celsus in Ephesus feature examples of Corinthian columns in Classical architecture. Classical architecture was reborn during the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries. Later derivatives of Classical architecture include the Neoclassical, Greek Revival, and Neoclassical Revival architectures of the 19th century, and the Beaux Arts architecture of the American Gilded Age. Thomas Jefferson was influential in bringing the Neoclassical style to America, as seen in the Rotunda at The University of Virginia in Charlottesville. Corinthian-like designs can also be found in some Islamic architecture. The distinctive capital of the Corinthian column comes in many forms, but the acanthus leaf appears in most designs. Professor Talbot Hamlin suggests that Islamic architecture was influenced by the acanthus leaf design: Many mosques, like those at Kairouan and Cordova, used actual ancient Corinthian capitals; and later Moslem capitals were often based on the Corinthian scheme in general pattern, although the tendency toward abstraction gradually removed all remaining signs of realism from the carving of the leaves. Famous Buildings With Corinthian Columns In the United States, famous buildings with Corinthian columns include the U.S. Supreme Court Building, the U.S. Capitol, and the National Archives Building, all of which are in Washington, D.C. In New York City, buildings with these columns include the New York Stock Exchange Building on Broad Street in Lower Manhattan and the James A. Farley Building, which is across the street from Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. In Rome, check out the Pantheon and the Colosseum, where Doric columns are on the first level, Ionic columns on the second, and Corinthian columns on the third. Great Renaissance cathedrals throughout Europe are apt to show off their Corinthian columns, including St. Pauls Cathedral and St Martin-in-the-Fields in London.

Innovative Ways to Teach Math

Innovative Ways to Teach Math Believe it or not, math can be taught in some very innovative ways, and private schools are some of the top educational institutions pioneering new ways to master a traditional subject. A case study in this unique approach to teaching math can be found at one of the top boarding schools in the US, the Phillips Exeter Academy. Years ago, teachers at Exeter developed a series of math books containing problems, techniques, and strategies that are now being used at other private day and boarding schools. This technique has become known as Exeter Math.   The Process of Exeter Math What makes Exeter Math truly innovative, is that the traditional classes and course progression of Algebra 1, Algebra 2, Geometry, etc., is done away with in favor of students learning the skills and computations necessary to solve problems. Every homework assignment contains elements of each traditional math course, rather than separating them out into segmented annual learning.  The math courses at Exeter are centered on the math problems  written by the teachers. The entire course is different from traditional math classes in that it is problem-centered rather than topic-centered. For many, the traditional middle or high school math class generally presents a topic within the class time with the teacher and then asks students to complete lengthy assignments at home that consist of repetitive problem-solving exercises, intended to help students better master the procedures for homework. However, the process is altered in Exeters math classes, which involve little direct instruction drills. Instead, students are given a small number of word problems to complete each night independently. There is little direct instruction about how to complete the problems, but there is a glossary to help students, and the problems tend to build on each other. The students direct the learning process themselves. Each night, students work on the problems, doing the best they can, and log their work. In these problems, the learning  process  is just as important as the answer, and teachers want to see all of the students’ work, even if it is done on their calculators. What If a Student Struggles With Math? Teachers suggest that if students are stuck on a problem, they make an educated guess and then check their work. They do this by making up an easier problem with the same principle as the given problem. Since Exeter is a boarding school, students can visit their teachers, other students, or the math help center if they are stuck while doing their homework in their dorms at night. They are expected to carry out 50 minutes of concentrated work per night and to work persistently, even if the work is very difficult for them. The next day, students bring their work to class where they discuss it in a seminar-like style around a Harkness table, an oval-shaped table that was designed at Exeter and is used in most of their classes to facilitate conversation. The idea is not to just present the right answer but for each student to have a turn presenting his or her work to facilitate conversation, share methods, work out problems, communicate about ideas, and support other students. What Is the Purpose of the Exeter Method? While traditional math courses emphasize rote learning that does not connect to everyday issues, the purpose of the Exeter word problems is to help students really understand math by working out the equations and algorithms themselves rather than just being given them. They also come to understand the applications of the problems. While this process can be very difficult, particularly for students new to the program, students learn traditional math areas such as algebra, geometry, and others by working out the ideas themselves. As a result, they really understand them and how they relate to mathematical issues and problems they could encounter outside of the classroom. Many private schools across the country are adopting the Exeter math class materials and procedures, particularly for honors math class. Teachers at schools using Exeter math state that the program helps students own their work and take responsibility for learning it- rather than simply having it handed to them. Perhaps the most important aspect of Exeter math is that it teaches students that being stuck on a problem is acceptable. Instead, students realize that it’s all right not to know the answers right away and that discovery and even frustration are in fact essential to real learning. Updated by Stacy Jagodowski.

Female Gangs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Female Gangs - Research Paper Example However, researches in the past two decades by the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) indicate that the existence of female gangs can be traced back to the 1800s (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). Their roles have evolved from being alibis, sex toys, drugs and weapon holders to full gang membership. Studies have been conducted on gangs because gangs are of social concern. This paper will research on and discuss female gangs in three aspects. First, it will discuss the origin of female gangs and what drives females into forming or joining gangs. Secondly, it will discuss different types of female gangs and thirdly, how they play into male gangs. Although some of the earlier generalizations about female gangs still apply, there have been tremendous changes in their activities with their growing numbers. The OJJDP noted a police report from Boston that described a female gang as a growingly autonomous organization that plans and commits crime without any help from males (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). It was feared that in Boston young girls were quickly adopting gang life rituals in the early 1990s. To integrate into gangs or form their own, females imitate the behaviors of male gangs (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). In a bid to be like the males, they coordinate and take part in criminal activities, wear tattoos and clothing related to gangs. They borrow characteristics and styles of the dominant male gangs including patterns of violence, preferred weapons and use of graffiti to pass a message or declare their existence and presence in neighborhoods. Becoming a member is either by choice or forced initiation (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). Forced initiation is in the form of being jumped-in by gang members. On the other hand, females who opt into gangs by choice offer themselves to be used sexually by gang members in exchange of climbing up the hierarchy. However, those who are

Leadership and Communication Problems within Criminal Justice Term Paper

Leadership and Communication Problems within Criminal Justice Organizations - Term Paper Example Leadership is vital component of an organization, which influences it ability to conduct its objective. Communication enhances information delivery in organization. Criminal justice is a sensitive area, which requires proper leadership structures and effective communication for effective service delivery. The role of criminal justice organization influence social and human development. Sociologists believe that social growth depend on the effectiveness of the criminal justice organization. This paper identifies leadership and communication problems within criminal justice organizations. 2. Importance of Leadership & Communication Leadership refers to devising a vision of the future and influencing people through communication of the vision and motivating people to overcome the hurdles (Easton 266). From the above definition, it is evident that influencing depends on a range of processes and factors, which vary with the choice of applied leadership theory. Criminal justice organizatio n such police force face leadership challenges associated with management style. Hierarchical leadership style or bureaucratic leadership style influences service delivery in the police force. Police officers face the challenge of making moral judgment verses following orders of their bosses. Largely, this problem leads to ineffective service delivery in this department. Studies reveal that many police officers have limited authority to make moral judgment because of nature of leadership style that the organization has applied. a) Issues & Problems In hierarchal leadership style, chain of command dictates flow of information from top authority to the bottom authority. For instance, in police force, police boss passes information to the immediate junior officer who in turn does the same to his juniors. This leadership style often leads to many problems associated with criminal justice organizations. The informal relationship between criminal justice organizations and other organizati on pose leadership challenge to criminal justice organizations (Stojkovic.et. al. 192). Police chief gets a lot of pressure from partner authorities, which influence service delivery in the department. Largely, the society gauges the effectiveness of leadership structures through actions on the ground without considering factors that influence the outcome. For instance, police chief handling issues touching on political interest must employ different leadership tactics in handling the matter. The external influence is a serious problem that influences criminal justice leadership structures and service delivery. Officers working in courts usually get orders from their seniors to handle some court issues in a particular manner. Court leadership structures and police leadership structures are different. The difference in structure influence service delivery to the society. Leadership structures in court apply democratic leadership style, which promotes collective participation in organ ization decision. On the other hand, police department applies autocratic leadership style, which promotes decision making from the top management (Easton 284). Autocratic leadership style delivers good results in emergencies. On the contrary, police department conduct several activities, which do not call for emergency actions. For example, investigations require

Auschwitz: Overview of the Concentration Camp Essay -- Germany Hitler

Auschwitz: Overview of the Concentration Camp The Holocaust was one of the most horrifying crimes against humanity. "Hitler, in an attempt to establish the pure Aryan race, decided that Jews, Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, Roma (Gypsies), and homosexuals amongst others were to be eliminated from the German population. One of his main methods of exterminating these â€Å"undesirables† was through the use of concentration and death camps. In January of 1941, Adolf Hitler and his top officials decided to make their â€Å"final solution† a reality. Their goal was to eliminate the Jews and the â€Å"impure† from the entire German population. Auschwitz was not only the largest concentration camp that carried out Hitler's â€Å"final solution,† but it was also the most extensive. It was comprised of three separate camps that encompassed approximately 25 square miles. Although millions of people came to Auschwitz, it is doubted that more than 120,000-150,000 ever lived there at any one time. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust) On April 27, 1940, the head of the SS and German police, Heinrich Himmler, ordered that a new concentration camp be established near the town of Oswiecim. A short while later the building of the camp in Zasole, the suburb of Oswiecim, was started. The camp was to be called Auschwitz. The first laborers forced to work on the construction of the camp were three hundred Jews from Oswiecim and its vicinity. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust) After the completion it covered two square kilometers and took approximately one and a half hours to walk around its perimeter. (Feig, 340) On the gate of Auschwitz was a sign in German that read, â€Å"Arbeit macht frei,† which translates into English as â€Å"work makes one free.† (Feig, 334) This was one of the many lies which the Nazis told their prisoners. The first Jews in Auschwitz believed that they were just being taken there to work for the Nazis. As more and more people died word leaked to the outside world about what was really happening at Auschwitz. The Jews and other undesirables were forced by S.S. soldiers to leave their homes and nearly all of their possessions behind to board crowded trains to Auschwitz. Ironically most of the time they had to pay for the train rides that eventually led to their death. The train rides to Auschwitz were an introduction to the treatment that the deportees were to receive at the ca... ...ewly constructed factories such as the German Armaments Works and the German Earth and Stone Works. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust) Auschwitz was the largest graveyard in human history. The number of Jews murdered in the gas chambers of Birkenau is estimated at up to one and a half million people: men, women, and children. Almost one-quarter of the Jews killed during World War II were murdered in Auschwitz. Of the 405,000 registered prisoners who received Auschwitz numbers, only a part survived; and of the 16,000 Soviet prisoners of war who were brought there, only 96 survived. Works Cited Bauer, Yehuda. A History of the Holocaust. New York: Franklin Watts, 1982. Feig, Konnilyn G. Hitler's Death Camps. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979. Guttman, Isreal, Ed. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. New York: Macmallin, 1990. Hellman, Petrt. The Auschwitz Album. New York: Random House, 1981. Lynott, Douglas Josef Mengele: The Angel of Death Mà ¼ller, Filip. Auschwitz: Three Years in the Gas Chambers. New York: Stein and Day,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1979. Nyiszli, Dr. Miklos Auschwitz: An Eyewitness Account of Mengle's Infamous Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Camp. New York: Seaver Books, 1960.

Gideon’s Trumpet Book Report

Gideon’s Trumpet, a well-known book in the field of law was written by Anthony Lewis in 1964 and the book presents us with the true account of a man by the name of Clarence Earl Gideon, a semiliterate transient who is put in prison for breaking and entering and minor stealing. In the book we find a detailed account of the story of a man that managed to become a constitutional landmark. The book is set in the 1960’s in the beautiful state of Florida. The scenery is always in a courtroom or Gideon’s Jail cell. The setting is set in a time period where there civil unrests existed in equality. The book presents to the reader the story of Clarence Earl Gideon who was a petty thief previously. He conserved his documentation by applying for the slotting of a lawyer for him, and he filed an opportune appeal for doing so to the United States Supreme Court. As luck would have it, even though the Florida courts deprived him of legal representation, the judges appointed Abe Fortas, to dispute his grounds. His triumph, ceaselessly setting up the right of the underprivileged to advocate in criminal act cases in America, was one of the milestone cases of the Warren Court. The book, Gideon’s Trumpet has been penned down by the author in order to call to mind the old times behind the Gideon v. Wainwright court case and the ways in which it made such an everlasting impact on the laws of the United States. This exceptional book scrutinizes the case Gideon v. Wainwright, the milestone 1963 Supreme Court case which detained that impoverished criminal defendants are unconstrained to legal advocates at the expense of the government. Gideon’s Trumpet is an articulate and edifying book which provides the reader with at the imperative tale which has never before occurred in the United States legal system. The book is recited with an adequate amount of side comments on the subject of the legal procedure and communal framework and it also proposes an extensive viewpoint of the ordinary people at the legal system. On August 4, 1961, in the Circuit Court of the 14th Judicial Circuit of Florida, Mr. Gideon was tried and convicted by Judge Robert L McCrary, Jr. During this trial, Mr. Gideon didn’t have a counsel and was accused with burglary for breaking into a pool house in Panama City. Evidence, such as wine and loose change was found on Mr. Gideon. During this trial, Gideon actively seeked a counsel and asked the court on numerous occasions to provide him with a counsel. With each request, the court denied him the right to counsel. Thus, the case was extremely bias. Mr. Gideon had to represent himself against a state prosecutor. Gideon failed to understand the proper procedures in a law case and certain attorney techniques such as questioning the jury for bias opinions and asking relevant questions that lead to a point. Mr. Gideon simply asked questions that didn’t contain any lead and was shut down by the prosecutor. With the most unfavorable conditions, Clarence Earl Gideon was convicted and sentenced to five miserable years in prison. After a short time in jail, Gideon used the sources that were closest to him such as the prison library. Gideon checked out multiple books on law and studied his case. He then sent a petition to the Supreme Court of the United States to appeal the case. Mr. Gideon claimed that his 6th and thus 14 amendment rights have been clearly violated. His appeal went through the proper process and became approved. His efforts and his case caught the eye of case reviewers and thus his petition didn’t just go in the regular pile that went nowhere. The main character in the book is Clarence Earl Gideon. Despite the speculations, Gideon was not a black male but rather a white male with white hair. Gideon was born August 30th, 1910 in Hannibal Missouri. With the age of fifty-one, Gideon had a wrinkled and prematurely aged face. Mr. Gideon had a frail body with a voice and hands that trembled. Mr. Gideon survived off gambling and occasional thefts. Mr. Gideon would often find himself on the wrong side of the law. Gideon’s family had little education. Mr. Gideon ran away from his life of misery at the age of fourteen and ran away to California. From there, his life became the living definition of turmoil and Gideon would find himself in and out of jail. He was sentenced in a juvenile court in Ralls County Missouri for stealing clothes from a country store. In the later part of 1934, Mr. Gideon worked in a shoe factory because that was his skill. Within a short time, he was sentenced for stealing government property to wit a armory. While he was in jail, Gideon sent money back home to his folks. In 1937 through 1940, Gideon remained in jail until he escaped. In 1943, Mr. Gideon escaped prison another time. In 1944, Mr. Gideon was arrested again, this time for falsifying records while he was trying to work in a shoe company. In October 1955, he married his current wife named Ruth Ada Babineaux. Clarence accepted Ruth’s children, paying 8 eighty dollars to take custody of Ruth’s children. In 1956 Clarence received his 1st official son and in 1957 came the second son. Clarence understood the necessity of religion and infused religion on his household by sending the children to class fully prepared. There were other characters in the book. Abe Fortas was the defense attorney who represented Mr. Gideon. Fortas had just turned fifty-two years of age when he was assigned to Gideon’s case. Being born on June 19, 1910 to a modest family, Fortas loved living the grand life of being a lawyer graduating from Yale. Mr. Fortas flies around the world giving lectures and workshops. Fortas really had an interest for law on the philosophical aspects of law, such as what is really right. Fortas was a small man but with very powerful voice. His speech was very low and quail but had a great sense of intellectuality behind it. Justice Jackson was not a strong supporter of the judicial review. He wrote a statement in 1954 referring to the real strength of the Court. Justice Jackson wrote â€Å"The real strength of the position of the Court is probably in its indispensability to government under a written Constitution. It is difficult to see how the provisions of a one-hundred-and-fifty-year-old written document can have much vitality if there is not some permanent institution to translate them into current commands. Two other important characters in the book were Justices Black and Frankfurter. Chapter 6 provides an excellent review of methods of judicial, particularly those employed by Justices Black and Frankfurter. Lewis’s objective in this chapter is to provide the reader with some idea of the difficulty that a justice faces each time he is forced to decide a case. Gideon had lodged his complaint as if there wa s no precedent in the area of right to counsel. Gideon had made no reference to Betts, but the Court could certainly not ignore the presence of Betts in making its decision. At the crux of the issue which Lewis raises in this chapter is judicial review. The principle of judicial review has been accepted; however, the method about which method of judicial review should be used is still very much in question. As previously stated, Justice Frankfurter supposedly employed the judicial self-restraintist mode of judicial review. According to this model, the Court is to defer to the legislature and the states in its decision-making. Frankfurter expressed â€Å"apprehensiveness† about the Court interjecting its wisdom over that of the popularly elected legislature. In a stark contrast to Frankfurter, Justice Black’s method of interpretation held the Constitution’s provisions as â€Å"absolute† truths inviolable by the legislature. From this view, Justice Black did not have trouble overturning an act of the legislature that ran afoul of a Constitutional provision. However, as Lewis describes, the differing modes of interpretation employed by Frankfurter and Black are not always logically consistent. Frankfurter did not show deference in striking down the constitutionality of wiretapping and the provision of public funds to parochial schools. Justice Black did not act to strike down such actions as unconstitutional. As Abe Fortas began formulating his argument for the Court, he realized that for a justice like Frankfurter overturning the precedent of Betts would not be a simple task. As a judicial self-restraintist, Frankfurter usually held that the Court’s opinions were to be made under the guise of stare decisis, which means to stand by a decision. However, Frankfurter was not absolute in conforming to precedent. For instance, he voted to overturn the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine proscribed in Plessy v. Ferguson in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. For the reasons previously stated, Fortas felt that he would not face similar difficulties in convincing Justice Black to join his argument. Beyond precedent, the issue of federalism also presented a difficulty in Gideon’s case. Federalism has been an issue of utmost importance for the Court ever since its momentous decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland, in which the Court held that the federal government’s power to create a bank was superior to the states’. Relevant to Gideon’s claim was Frankfurter’s belief that the federal government should not impose upon the states to protect individual liberties. Justice Black had little of the same resistance. At the crux of the considerations Fortas was making in regard to the views of Justices Black and Frankfurter was the issue of incorporation. The biggest problem in the book was simply the fact that there was a great injustice done to Clarence Earl Gideon. During the initial trial, Mr. Gideon didn’t have a counsel and was accused with burglary for breaking into a pool house in Panama City. Evidence, such as wine and loose change was found on Mr. Gideon. During this trial, Gideon actively seeked a counsel and asked the court on numerous occasions to provide him with a counsel. With each request, the court denied him the right to counsel. Thus, the case was extremely bias. Mr. Gideon had to represent himself against a state prosecutor. Gideon failed to understand the proper procedures in a law case and certain attorney techniques such as questioning the jury for bias opinions and asking relevant questions that lead to a point. Mr. Gideon simply asked questions that didn’t contain any lead and was shut down by the prosecutor. With the most unfavorable conditions, Clarence Earl Gideon was convicted and sentenced to five miserable years in prison. Gideon felt that there would have been a better chance of him not being convicted if only he had a proper attorney. Gideon also believes that because he is poor, he should really have the right to be appointed a proper counsel. Therefore, Mr. Gideon sends in the petition in order to solve his conflict by having an appeal and have a retrial. In this retrial, Gideon hopes that justice will be served because he didn’t commit that crime. One of the most important events in the book was the landmark case Betts v. Brady. Betts v. Brady was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that denied counsel to indigent defendants when prosecuted by a state. It was overruled by Gideon v. Wainwright. In its decision in Johnson v. Zerbst, the Supreme Court had held that defendants in federal courts had a right to counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment. In Powell v. Alabama, the Court had held that state defendants in capital cases were entitled to counsel, even when they could not afford it; however, the right to an attorney in trials in the states was not yet obligatory in all cases as it was in federal courts under Johnson v. Zerbst. In Betts v. Brady, Betts was indicted for robbery and upon his request for counsel, the trial judge refused, forcing Betts to represent himself. He was convicted of robbery, a conviction he eventually appealed to the Supreme Court on the basis that he was being held unlawfully because he had been denied counsel. At the end of the book, Clarence Gideon was granted a new trial. This time when he appeared for trial in the Circuit Court of Bay County, Florida, Gideon had a lawyer, and the lawyer made a difference. The jury acquitted Gideon in his retrial showing, in just one person’s case, what we know to be true: The right to counsel has profound meaning in the lives of those who are accused. Gideon’s Trumpet was a great book; it had a lot of factual information that was useful in the class. The book was on the subject of law, which I enjoy dearly so it was interesting. After reading this book I obtained a great deal of knowledge on such a landmark case that helped establish a position on such a on going debate.

Run Batch Files (DOS Commands) From Visual Studio

Microsoft Visual Studio integrated development environment doesnt run DOS commands, but you can change that fact with a batch file. When IBM introduced PCs, batch files and the original BASIC  programming language were among the few ways to write programs. Users became experts at programming DOS commands. About Batch Files Batch files might be called scripts or macros in another context. Theyre just text files filled with DOS commands. For example: ECHO off ECHO Hello About Visual Basic! ECHO on The suppresses the display of the current statement to the console. So, the command ECHO off is not displayed.ECHO off and ECHO on toggles whether statements are displayed. So, after ECHO off, statements are not displayed.ECHO Hello About Visual Basic! displays the text Hello About Visual Basic!ECHO on switches the ECHO function back on so anything following is displayed. All of this was just to ensure that the only thing you actually see in the console window is the message. How to Execute a Batch File in Visual Studio The key to executing a batch file directly in Visual Studio is to Add one using the External Tools selection of the Tools menu. To do this, you: Create a simple batch program that executes other batch programs.Reference that program using the External Tools selection in Visual Studio. To be complete, add a reference to Notepad in the Tools menu. A Batch Program That Executes Other Batch Programs Heres the batch program that will execute other batch programs: cmd /c %1 pause The /c parameter carries out the command specified by string and then terminates. The %1 accepts a string that the cmd.exe program will try to execute. If the pause command wasnt there, the command prompt window would close before you could see the result. The pause command issues the string, press any key to continue. Tip: You can get a fast explanation of any console command—DOS—using this syntax in a command prompt window: /? Save this file using any name with the file type .bat.   You can save it in any location, but the Visual Studio directory in Documents is a good place.   Add an Item to External Tools The final step is to add an item to the External Tools in Visual Studio. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- If you simply click the Add button, then you get a complete dialog that allows you to specify every detail possible for an external tool in Visual Studio. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- In this case, enter the complete path, including the name you used when you saved your batch file earlier, in the Command textbox. For example: C:\Users\Milovan\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\RunBat.bat You can enter any name you like in the Title textbox. At this point, your new batch file executing command is ready. Just to be complete, you can also add the RunBat.bat file to the External Tools a different way as shown below: --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- Rather than make this file the default editor in External Tools, which will cause Visual Studio to use RunBat.bat for files that are not batch files,  execute the batch file by selecting Open With... from a context menu. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- Because a batch file is just a text file that is qualified with the .bat type (.cmd works too), you might think that you can use the Text File template in Visual Studio to add one to your project. You cant. As it turns out, a Visual Studio Text File is not a text file. To demonstrate this, right-click the project and use Add New Item ...  to add a text file to your project. You have to change the extension so it ends in .bat. Enter the simple DOS command, Dir (display a directory contents) and click OK to add it to your project. If you then try to execute this batch command, you get this error: nDir is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. That happens because the default source code editor in Visual Studio adds header information to the front of every file. You need an editor, like Notepad, that doesnt. The solution here is to add Notepad to External Tools. Use Notepad to create a batch file. After you save the batch file, you still have to add it to your project as an existing item.